ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to discuss the politics of networking in education conducted by the General Coordination of Early Childhood Education, which is linked to Secretary of Education of the Ministry of Education. The discussion highlights specialization courses in Teaching in Early Childhood Education created in partnership with federal universities over the years 2010 and 2016. The courses created reflect on political, legal, theoretical and pedagogical constitutive aspects of the proposal as well as their implementation by three universities from the Northeast of Brazil, problematizing teaching in early childhood education together with the need for specific training to work at this stage.

RESUMO Este artigo reflete sobre a política de formação de professores em rede conduzida pela Coordenação Geral de Educação Infantil vinculada à Secretaria de Educação Básica do Ministério da Educação. Destaca os cursos de Especialização em Docência na Educação Infantil desenvolvidos em parceria com universidades federais entre 2010 e 2016 e discute aspectos políticos, legais, teóricos e pedagógicos constitutivos da proposta e sua implementação por três universidades nordestinas, problematizando a docência na Educação Infantil e as necessidades de formação específica para atuar nessa etapa.

RESUMO O objetivo deste ensaio teórico é propor uma análise crítica e reflexiva do fenômeno da internacionalização da educação superior, a partir de conceitos estruturantesassociados aglobalização, (contra)hegemonia e (de)colonialidade. Os seguintes argumentos estruturam o texto: 1. Sendo a educação superior um campo relacional de poder, composto de redes e relacionamentos concomitantemente competitivos e cooperativos e permeado por influências econômicas vinculantes, a internacionalização da educação superior se ressente de uma delimitação que efetivamente a contextualize; 2. As desigualdades subjacentes às relações Norte-Sul se manifestam no domínio da internacionalização da educação superior, incluindo nas relações Sul-Sul, e ratificam o exercício do poder relacional e econômico; e 3. O fenômeno da internacionalização da educação superior encontra-se ontológica e epistemologicamente imerso na matriz cultural do poder colonial e atua sob o alicerce de um imaginário global dominante. O estudo possibilita evidenciar que os referenciais teóricos tendem a conceber os conceitos inerentes a globalização, (contra)hegemonia e (de)colonialidade de forma dicotômica, sem considerar a realidade híbrida, conflitante e complexa da educação superior e da internacionalização.

The objective of this theoretical essay is to propose a critical and reflective analysis of the phenomenon of the internationalization of higher education, based on structural concepts associated with globalization, (counter)hegemony and (de)coloniality. The following arguments structure the text: 1. Since higher education is a relational field of power, composed of concomitantly competitive and cooperative networks and relationships, and permeated by binding economic influences, internationalization of higher education resents a delimitation that effectively contextualizes it; 2. Inequalities underlying North-South relations manifest in the field of internationalization of higher education, including in South-South relations, and ratify the exercise of relational and economic power; and 3. The internationalization phenomenon of higher education is ontological and epistemologically immersed in the cultural matrix of colonial power and operates under the foundation of a dominant global imaginary. The study suggests that theoretical references tend to conceive the concepts inherent to globalization, (counter)hegemony and (de)coloniality in a dichotomous way, without considering the hybrid, conflicting and complex reality of higher education and internationalization.

El objetivo de este ensayo teórico es proponer un análisis crítico y reflexivo del fenómeno de la internacionalización de la educación superior, a partir de conceptos estructurales asociados a globalización, (contra)hegemonía y (des)colonialidad. Los siguientes argumentos estructuran el texto: 1. Dado que la educación superior es un campo de poder relacional, compuesto de redes y relaciones competitivas y cooperativas concomitantemente y permeado por influencias económicas vinculantes, la internacionalización de la educación superior resiente una delimitación que efectivamente la contextualiza; 2. Las desigualdades subyacentes a las relaciones Norte-Sur se manifiestan en el campo de la internacionalización de la educación superior, incluso en las relaciones Sur-Sur, y ratifican el ejercicio del poder relacional y económico; y 3. El fenómeno de la internacionalización de la educación superior es ontológica y epistemológicamente inmerso en la matriz cultural del poder colonial y opera bajo la base de un imaginario global dominante. El estudio sugiere que los referentes teóricos tienden a concebir los conceptos inherentes a la globalización, (contra)hegemonía y(des) colonialidad de manera dicotómica, sin considerar la realidad híbrida, conflictiva y compleja de la educación superior y la internacionalización.

Abstract Overview and Aims: In vitro fertilisation (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) show discouraging results in poor ovarian responders. We aim to characterize low prognosis women, stratifying them according to POSEIDON criteria -based on ovarian reserve markers and response in previous cycles. Study Design: data base retrospective study Population: women undertaking an IVF/ICSI cycle between May/2012 and December/2017 in our public centre. Methods: all women undertaking IVF/ICSI cycles with registered antimullerian hormone levels and antral follicule count (the ovarian reserve markers considered in POSEIDON criteria) were divided in 4 groups -women with normal ovarian reserve markers but low response in previous cycle (<35 years-G1; ≥35 years-G2) and women with at least one low ovarian reserve marker (<35 years-G3; ≥35years-G4). Ovarian reserve markers, previous ovarian response, socio-demographic features, type/etiology of infertility, number of oocytes collected, clinical pregnancy and delivery rates per cycle/ovarian puncture(OP)/transfer were determined. Ovarian response (categorized into optimal/non-optimal based on the number of oocytes collected), clinical pregnancy and delivery rates of the 4 groups were compared to population non-POSEIDON(PNP). X 2 test was used. Significance was set at p-value<0.05. Results: 1789 cycles were analysed; 49.6%(887/1789) of them met POSEIDON criteria - n=86(G1), n=129(G2); n=180(G3); n=492(G4). 85.7% of those reaching OP had a non-optimal response. G4 showed the worse pregnancy and delivery rates, significantly lower than PNP. The highest rates of pregnancy and delivery were verified in a subgroup of G2, except for delivery/cycle; no difference was observed between G1/G2 and PNP. Most women were Portuguese, Caucasian, normal weighted, non-smokers and presented primary infertility. Male factor was the most frequently identified cause. Conclusion: POSEIDON criteria showed high positive predictive value of having a non-optimal response. Results may help managing expectations of women undergoing IVF/ICSI with similar characteristics. Exclusion from POSEIDON group should not be considered reassuring due to low negative predictive value.

ABSTRACT This study sought to describe characteristics, motivations, barriers, and sources of information of human milk donors to the milk bank at Dr. Sótero del Río Hospital, Chile. Methods: A descriptive and cross - sectional study was carried out. We conducted a 15-question telephone survey in 82 women who were at least one-time milk donors between 2015 and 2017. Statistical analysis included frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables. We calculated 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The mean age of donors was 31.34,6 years; 92.7% were married or were living with their partner and 58.5% (95% CI of 47.1– 69.3) had completed higher education. The main motivation for donating was helping others (41.5% [95% CI of 30.7– 52.9]). The primary sources of knowledge on milk donations were the internet and social networks (43.9% [IC 95% 33.0– 55.3]), followed by health personnel 32% (95% CI of 22.9– 44.2). Conclusions: The donor profile in CASR's milk bank is a young woman, with a stable partner and high educational level. These results could provide useful information to improve strategies for human milk donation.

RESUMEN El propósito de este trabajo fue describir las características, motivaciones, barreras y fuentes de información de las mujeres donantes del Banco de Leche en el Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río (CASR). Método: El diseño utilizado en este estudio correspondió a uno de tipo transversal descriptivo. Se realizó una encuesta telefónica con 15 preguntas a 82 mujeres que fueron donantes en al menos una oportunidad en el banco de leche del CASR desde el año 2015 a septiembre de 2017. Se estimaron proporciones para las variables categóricas y medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión para la edad Se calcularon intervalos de confianza al 95%. Resultados: La edad media de las donantes fue de 31,3 años con una desviación estándar de 4,6. El 92,7% se encontraba casada o en convivencia y un 58,5% (IC 95% 47,1 – 69,3) cursó educación profesional superior completa. La principal motivación para donar fue la empatia (41,5% [IC 95% 30,7 – 52,9]) y las principales fuentes de conocimiento fueron internet/redes sociales 43,9% (IC 95% 33,0 – 55,3) y personal de salud 32% (IC 95% 22,9 – 44,2). Conclusiones: La mujer donante del banco de leche del CASR, se encuentra principalmente casada o en convivencia, posee un alto nivel educacional y trabaja fuera del hogar. Estos resultados podrían orientar estrategias al fortalecimiento del banco de leche.

RESUMO: A Educação Superior é um dos principais setores da Cooperação Internacional para o desenvolvimento no campo da Política Externa Brasileira (PEB). Uma importante iniciativa do setor é o incentivo para estudantes de países em desenvolvimento realizarem seus estudos em universidades brasileiras, feito pelo Programa Estudante-Convênio de Graduação (PEC-G), regulamentado em 1965. Este artigo caracteriza o PEC-G na ótica da Cooperação Sul-Sul (CSS) brasileira. Assim, estabelece um diálogo entre as peculiaridades da sua regulamentação, suas características atuais, a PEB e a CSS. O decreto que instituiu o PEC-G se evidenciou como política de controle, pautada na segurança nacional. Apesar de sua ascensão em um sentido cooperativo, suas condicionalidades o afastam do discurso oficial empregado para a CSS.

ABSTRACT: Higher Education refers to one of the main sectors of the International Cooperation for Development in the field of the Brazilian Foreign Policy (PEB). An important initiative of this sector, aimed at the education of students from developing countries in Brazilian universities, is the Program Student-Management Agreement (PEC-G), regulated in 1965. This article characterizes the PEC-G from the viewpoint of the Brazilian South-South Cooperation (CSS). Thus, a dialogue between the particularities of its regulation, its current characteristics, the BFP and the SSC is established. The law underlying PEC-G was proven a control policy focused on national security. Despite its rise from a cooperative sense, its conditions stands apart from the official speech used for SSC.

RÉSUMÉ: L’enseignement supérieur se réfère à l’un des principaux secteurs de la coopération internationale pour le développement dans le domaine de la Politique Étrangère Brésilienne (PEB). Une initiative importante dans le secteur, visant à la formation des étudiants des pays en développement dans les universités brésiliennes, est le Programme Étudiant-Entente de Gestion (PEC-G), réglementé en 1965. Cet article présente le PEC-G sur la perspective de la Coopération Sud-Sud (CSS) brésilienne. On établit un dialogue entre les particularités de sa réglementation, ses caractéristiques actuelles, la PEB et la CSS. Il s’est avéré que le décret instituant le PEC-G était une politique de contrôle orientée vers la sécurité nationale. Bien qu’il soit apparu sur les bases d’un sens de coopération, leurs conditionnalités divergent du discours officiel employé pour la CSS.

Abstract This study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) of self-adhesive resin cements (SARCs) to dentin and their physical-chemical properties. Five commercial SARCs were evaluated [SmartCem®2 – DENTSPLY (SC2); BisCem® – Bisco (BC); SeT PP® − SDI (SeT); Relyx U100® – 3M ESPE (U100) and YCEM® SA - Yller (YCEM)]. The SARCs were evaluated for SBS to dentin (n = 10) after 24 h, 6 months, and 12 months. The dentin demineralization caused by acidic monomers was observed by SEM, and pH-neutralization of eluate was observed for 24 h. Degree of conversion (DC), rate of polymerization (Rp), flexural strength (FS), and elastic modulus (E) were evaluated. Immediate SBS of SC2, SET, U100, and YCEM were statistically higher than that of BC (p < 0.001). After 12 months, all SARCs showed reduced SBS values and U100 showed values similar to those of SET and YCEM, and higher than those of BC and SC2 (p = 0.001). Demineralization pattern of SARCs was similar. At 24h, all SARCs showed no differences in the pH-value, except BC and U100 (p < 0.001). YCEM showed the highest Rp. U100, YCEM, and SC2 showed statistically higher FS (p<0.001) and E (p < 0.001) when compared with SET and BC. U100 and YCEM showed the best long-term bonding irrespective of the storage period. A significant reduction in SBS was found for all groups after 12 months. SBS was not shown to be correlated with physical-chemical properties, and appeared to be material-dependent. The polymerization profile suggested that an increased time of light activation, longer than that recommended by manufacturers, would be necessary to optimize DC of SARCs.

RESUMO Objetivo: Discutir como indivíduos inseridos em organizações públicas podem lidar com os valores individuais e organizacionais em sua ação, a partir de um diálogo entre a noção contemporânea de valores, a concep ção de racionalidade e a atitude parentética. Originalidade/relevância: A possibilidade de uma atitude reflexiva de sencadeia uma discussão acerca das possibilidades concretas de que comportamentos humanos possam ser alinhados segundo padrões ins trumentais. Com base nesse pressuposto, este trabalho contribui para a discussão sobre a ação diante de conflitos de valores relacionados à ges tão pública. Principais aspectos metodológicos: Trata-se de um ensaio teórico, cuja reflexão se assenta na consulta e na interpretação articulada de material bibliográfico relacionado a valores e racionalidade, sobretudo no contex to de organizações públicas, obtido por meio de revisão de literatura. Síntese dos principais resultados: As teorias organizacionais baseadas na lógica da racionalidade econômica e que separam fatos de valores são incapazes de compreender a complexidade dos conjuntos de valores conflitantes. Dessa forma, muito provavelmente repousa na atitude parentética as características mais próximas do agente racional, capaz de lidar com os conflitos de valores pessoais e organizacionais com vistas ao atingimento do interesse público.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To discuss how individuals working in public organizations may deal with individual and organizational values in their action, based on a dialogue among a contemporary notion of values, the concept of rationality and the parenthetical attitude. Originality/value: The possibility of a reflexive attitude triggers a discussion about concrete possibilities for human behaviors to be aligned according to instrumental patterns. Based on such assumptions, this work contributes to the discussion about action in the face of conflicts of values that emerge in public administration. Design/methodology/approach: This work refers to a theoretical article, that is, a reflection based on the consulting and interpretation of bibliographic material related to values and rationality, especially in the context of public organizations. Findings: The parenthetical attitude, which characterizes the rational agent, individuals can distance themselves from their own circumstances, guide their action according to their own judgment of values, and to bear the inherent tension of the life of reasoning. This argument is presented as a possibility to deal and to act responsibly in the face of conflicting values that emerge in public administration.

Abstract This study evaluated the three-year lifespan of the bond to dentin of experimental self-etch adhesives containing benzodioxole derivatives – 1,3-benzodioxole (BDO) and piperonyl alcohol (PA) – as co-initiator alternative to amines. Adhesive resins were formulated using Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, HEMA, camphorquinone and different co-initiators: BDO, PA or ethyl 4-dimethylamino benzoate (EDAB – amine). An experimental self-etch primer was used to complete the two-step, self-etch adhesive system. Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) was used as commercial reference. Bond strength to human dentin was assessed by microtensile bond strength (µTBS) test, and failure mode was classified. Morphology of the dentin bonding interface was assessed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Irrespective of the dental adhesives evaluated, µTBS was higher after 24 hours compared with that after 1.5 and 3 years (p ≤ 0.001). However, adhesives with BDO and PA as co-initiators showed significantly higher bond strength than the bonding resin with EDAB (p ≤ 0.002), independent of the time evaluated. The commercial adhesive CSE showed similar bond strength compared with the other groups (p ≥ 0.05). Mixed failures were mainly observed after 24 hours, while adhesive failures were more frequently observed after 1.5 and 3 years. No notable differences in homogeneity and continuity along the bonded interfaces were detected among the materials in the SEM analysis. In conclusion, benzodioxole derivatives are feasible alternative co-initiators to tertiary amine in camphorquinone-based self-etching dental adhesive formulations.

RESUMO: A realidade educacional das crianças pequenas que residem em área rural do país, com idade para frequentar a educação infantil, mostra-se um desafio à política de educação brasileira. A produção de conhecimento recente aponta que o acesso delas à educação infantil é desigual e insuficiente quando comparado ao acesso que crianças da mesma faixa etária e residentes em área urbana têm a essa etapa da educação básica. O artigo lança luz sobre a oferta de educação infantil no estado da Paraíba, com ênfase no contexto rural.

ABSTRACT: The educational reality of young children living in rural areas of Brazil, who are old enough to attend early childhood education, is a challenge to Brazilian education policy. Recent knowledge production indicates that their access to early childhood education is unequal and insufficient when compared to the access that children of the same age group and who live in urban areas have to this stage of basic education. The article throws light on the offer of early childhood education in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, with emphasis on the rural context.

Overview and Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the predictive factors for pregnancy rate after intrauterine insemination. Study Design: Retrospective study Population: 698 couples undergoing intrauterine insemination Methods: All cycles were preceded by ovarian stimulation using gonadotropin. Pregnancy rates were evaluated according to female age, body mass index, duration, type and etiology of infertility, number of preovulatory follicles, endometrial thickness and total motil sperm count. Results: In this study involving 1262 cycles, the clinical pregnancy rate per cycle was 12.2% and per couple was 21.3%. Logistic regression analysis confirmed the presence of two or more pre-ovulatory follicles as a predictor of pregnancy (p = 0.01). The pregnancy rate showed no independent relationship with woman's age, duration of infertility, number of cycles, endometrial thickness and number of sperm inseminated. Conclusions: The simplicity of the treatment and its non-invasive nature make intrauterine insemination a first-line option for many infertile couples. Considering the limited number of cycles that each couple can perform and the positive influence of the presence of more than one preovulatory follicle, the intrauterine insemination should preferably occur when two follicles exists.

Resumo Este estudo investigou o desempenho in vitro de quatro resinas compostas bisacrílicas comerciais: Systemp C&B II (SYS, Ivoclar Vivadent), Protemp 4 (PT4, 3M ESPE), Structur 2C (ST2, Voco) e ProviPlast (PVP, Biodinamica). A caracterização envolveu análises ópticas (estabilidade de cor, parâmetro de translucidez, fluorescência), de superfície (rugosidade, morfologia e composição elementar), físico-químicas (viscosidade, cinética de polimerização) e mecânicas (razão de Poisson, resistência à flexão biaxial, módulo de elasticidade). A maioria dos testes foram realizados após 24 h, enquanto análises ópticas e mecânicas foram realizadas após armazenamento em água a 37 °C por 1, 15 e 30 dias. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente (a=0,05). Grande parte dos resultados foi dependente do material. SYS e PT4 mostraram estabilidade de cor e translucidez ao longo do tempo. Todos os materiais apresentaram fluorescência similar ou maior que o esmalte humano. SC2 e PVP apresentaram superfícies mais rugosas que os outros materiais. Menores partículas de carga foram observadas na superfície de PT4 e PVP comparadas às partículas mais irregulares de ST2 e SYS. As leituras de viscosidade indicaram comportamento tixotrópico para todos os materiais testados. SYS teve a menor e PT4 o maior grau de conversão de C=C após 10 min. Na cinética de polimerização, PT4 teve a maior taxa máxima de polimerização e atingiu mais cedo a transição entre autoaceleração e autodesaceleração da polimerização. PT4 e SYS apresentaram resistência à flexão e módulo de elasticidade significativamente maiores que ST2 e PVP na maioria dos períodos de armazenamento. Resultados da razão de Poisson variaram entre os materiais. Períodos mais longos de armazenamento foram em geral associados a maior frequência de falhas catastróficas nos testes de flexão. Em conclusão, o desempenho das resinas compostas bisacrílicas variou amplamente entre os materiais.

Abstract This study investigated the in vitro performance of the commercial bis-acryl composite resins Systemp C&B II (SYS, Ivoclar Vivadent), Protemp 4 (PT4, 3M ESPE), Structur 2C (ST2, Voco) and ProviPlast (PVP, Biodinamica). Characterization involved optical (color stability, translucency parameter, fluorescence), surface (roughness, morphology and elemental composition), physical-chemical (viscosity, polymerization kinetics) and mechanical analyses (Poisson ratio, biaxial flexural strength, flexural modulus). Most tests were carried out after 24 h, but optical and mechanical analyses were carried out after storage in water at 37 °C for 1, 15, and 30 days. Data were statistically analyzed (a=0.05). Most results were material dependent. SYS and PT4 showed stability in color and translucency over time. All materials had similar or higher fluorescence than human enamel. SC2 and PVP showed rougher surfaces than the other bis-acryl composites. Smaller filler particles were observed on the surface of PT4 and PVP compared with the coarser particles from ST2 and SYS. Viscosity readings indicated a thixotropic behavior for all tested materials. SYS had the lowest and PT4 the highest degree of C=C conversion after 10 min. In the polymerization kinetics, PT4 had the highest maximum polymerization rate and reached earlier the transition between polymerization autoacceleration and autodeceleration. PT4 and SYS had significantly higher flexural strength and modulus than ST2 and PVP for most storage times. Results for Poisson ratio varied between materials. Longer storage periods were generally associated with higher frequency of catastrophic failures in the flexural tests. In conclusion, the performance of bis-acryl composite resins varied largely among materials.

The production of recombinant LipL32 protein using Escherichia coli has been used extensively for the development of vaccines and diagnostic tests for leptospirosis. However, E. coli has demonstrated limitations, including low yield and lack of post-translational modifications. In this study, rLipL32 was produced in eukaryotic expression system (Pichia pastoris) and evaluated the antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The yield obtained from the culture supernatant reached 270 mg/L and ELISA showed an accuracy of 95.34%. In summary, the production of rLipL32 using P. pastoris did not impair the antigenic characteristics of this antigen and ensured its use for detecting the leptospiral antibodies in swine sera.

Este estudo foi desenhado para avaliar a capacidade de impedir a infiltração de glicose de um cimento reparador biocerâmico pronto para o uso, em comparação com o agregado trióxido mineral (MTA) branco. Após a instrumentação do canal radicular, os 3 mm apicais de incisivos superiores foram removidos, e retropreparos com 3 mm de profundidade foram realizados com ultra-som. As cavidades retrógradas foram preenchidas com os materiais testados (15 raízes por grupo). Todas as raízes foram montadas em um sistema de câmara dupla para avaliar a infiltração de glicose utilizando a aplicação de pressão de 15 psi. Depois de 1 h, concentrações de glicose na câmara inferior foram medidas seguida de uma reação enzimática. Quatro raízes foram usadas como controle. O teste de Mann-Whitney verificou diferenças na infiltração de glicose entre os grupos e o teste de Tukey realizou comparações múltiplas. A significância foi estabelecida em α= 5%. Não houve diferença significante entre a média e a mediana comparando-se os grupos do iRoot BP Plus e o MTA branco. iRoot BP Plus teve uma capacidade semelhante ao do MTA branco na prevenção da infiltração de glicose como material retroobturador.

This study was designed to assess the ability to prevent glucose penetration of a bioceramic putty ready-to-use repair cement comparing to white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA). After root canal instrumentation, the apical 3 mm of maxillary incisors were resected and root-end cavities with depth of 3 mm were prepared with ultrasound and filled with the tested materials (15 roots per group). All roots were mounted in a double chamber system to assess glucose penetration using 15 psi pressure application. After 1 h, glucose concentrations in the lower chamber were measured following an enzymatic reaction. Four roots were used as controls. The Mann-Whitney test verified differences in glucose leakage between groups and the Tukey's test was used for multiple comparisons. Significance level was set at 5%. There was no significant difference in glucose leakage between iRoot BP Plus and White MTA groups. iRoot BP Plus had a similar ability to that of white MTA in preventing glucose leakage as a root-end filling material.

Este estudo avaliou o efeito da concentração de solvente na resistência coesiva de um adesivo experimental contendo um derivado do difeniliodônio. Uma blenda monomérica baseada em Bis-GMA, TEGDMA e HEMA foi utilizada como resina adesiva modelo. Foram avaliados dois sistemas de fotoiniciação: um sistema bináriocanforquinona (CQ) e etil 4-dimetilamino benzoato (EDAB)] e um sistema ternário [CQ, EDAB e hexafluorfosfato de difeniliodônio (DPI)]. Nestas resinas foram adicionadas diferentes concentrações de etanol, 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40% e teste de resistência coesiva foi utilizado para investigar o efeito deste solvente sobre as propriedades do material. A presença de solvente reduziu a resistência coesiva do polímero, independentemente do sistema de fotoiniciação utilizado. Além disso, o uso do sal de iodônio no sistema de fotoiniciação aumentou a resistência coesiva quando comparado com o sistema binário, e independentemente da concentração de solvente, a resistência coesiva dos polímeros contendo difeniliodônio foi superior à do sistema binário de fotoiniciação.

This study evaluated the effect of organic solvent concentration on the tensile strength for an experimental adhesive resin containing a ternary photoinitiator system. A monomer blend based on the Bis-GMA, TEGDMA and HEMA was used as a model dental adhesive resin. Two photoinitiation systems were used: a binary system camphorquinone (CQ) and ethyl 4-dimethylamine benzoate (EDAB)] and a ternary system CQ, EDAB and diphenyliodonium hexafluorphosphate (DPIHFP)]. Varied ethanol concentrations were added to the resins, viz. 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 wt%. The ultimate tensile strength test was used to investigate the influence of the solvent amount on the resistance of resins. Furthermore, the use of iodonium salt in photoinitiation system increased the cohesive strength when compared with the binary system. Regardless of solvent concentration, the cohesive strength of polymers containing diphenyliodonium was higher than for the binary photoinitiator system.

A influência do conhecimento de estudantes de medicina sobre o manejo com o fim da vida, considerando teorias éticas e aplicabilidade clínica, permanece controversa. Objetivamos investigar o conhecimento de estudantes de medicina sobre conceitos bioéticos a respeito dos tipos morais de morte (Eutanásia, Distanásia e Ortotanásia) e analisar a influência de suas experiências clínicas para praticá-los, em um hospital terciário do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Nós entrevistamos 180 estudantes de medicina [distribuídos em Grupo 1 (G1) - estudantes do primeiro ao terceiro ano de graduação em medicina e Grupo 2 (G2) - estudantes do quarto ao sexto ano] para avaliar a influência do "curso de ética médica" em teorias éticas e prática clínica, utilizando um questionário fechado. O "curso de ética médica" não diferiu os grupos (P=0.704) sobre os conceitos bioéticos. Neologismos como Cacotanásia e Idiotanásia foram erroneamente considerados como conceitos bioéticos por 28% dos indivíduos. Além disso, 45.3% da amostra consideraram os profissionais de saúde inaptos ao manejo de pacientes terminais, principalmente G2 (29%) comparado a G1 (16.5%, P=0.031). O conceito de Eutanásia foi aceito por 41% da amostra, enquanto Ortotanásia por 98.2%. Dentre os estudantes de medicina que aceitaram maneiras para abreviar a vida (22.9%), 30.1% deles pertenciam a G1 enquanto somente 16.1% a G2 (P=0.049). Estudantes de medicina mostram desconhecimento sobre conceitos clássicos em Bioética. Além disso, consideram os profissionais de saúde inaptos ao manejo de pacientes terminais. O ideal ético considerando a "boa morte" reflete melhor aceitação dos estudantes de medicina pela Ortotanásia, sugerindo tendência em aplicá-la em sua futura prática clínica.

The influence of medical students' knowledge concerning end-of-life care, considering ethical theories and clinical practice, remains controversial. We aimed to investigate medical students' knowledge of bioethical concepts related to moral kinds of death (euthanasia, disthanasia, and orthothanasia) and to analyze the influence of their clinical experience on practicing such approaches in a tertiary hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. We interviewed 180 medical students [distributed in Group 1 (G1) - first to third- year students, and Group 2 (G2) - fourth to sixth-year students] to evaluate the influence of the course on "medical ethics" on ethical theories and clinical practice, using a closed questionnaire. The course on "medical ethics" did not distinguish the groups (P=0.704) in relation to bioethical concepts. Neologisms such as "cacothanasia" and "idiothanasia" were incorrectly viewed as bioethical concepts by 28% of the interviewees. Moreover, 45.3% of the sample considered health care professionals incapable of managing terminally ill patients, especially G2 (29%) as compared to G1 (16.5%, P=0.031). The concept of euthanasia was accepted by 41% of sample, as compared to 98.2% for orthothanasia. Among medical students that accepted ways to abbreviate life (22.9%), 30.1% belonged to G1, and only 16.1% to G2 (P=0.049). These medical students were unfamiliar with common bioethical concepts. Moreover, they considered healthcare professionals incapable of managing terminally ill patients. The ethical ideal of the "good death" reflects better acceptance of orthothanasia by medical students, suggesting a tendency to apply it in their future clinical practice.